Due to the political climate, it also sparked the Space Race between the USSR and USA. Sputnik, Earth’s first artificial satellite, transmitted radio pulses for scientists to learn about the density of our atmosphere and to test radio and optical methods of orbital tracking. These efforts were applied to space when the Soviet Union launched Sputnik 1 into a low orbit in 1957. The basis of GNSS and its technologies is in using radio waves for communication and tracking a position. We’ll go into more detail about where GNSS positioning is used in different industries below, but every GNSS application relies on these three segments to function. This segment includes the user’s antennas to identify and receive good-quality signals as well as high-precision receivers and positioning engines that process the signals and resolve potential timing errors. The user segment includes the equipment that receives satellite signals and outputs a position based on the time and orbital location of at least four satellites. This process, as well as monitoring a satellite’s health, ensures a baseline of accuracy in GNSS positioning. Operators at these stations can control the satellites position to correct or alter their orbital paths, for example if a satellite has drifted, or needs to be moved to avoid debris collision. These stations receive a satellite’s signal and compare where the satellite says it is with orbit models showing where it should be. The control segment is a network of master control, data uploading and monitoring stations located around the world. There are four main constellations in orbit – GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and BeiDou as well as two regional systems QZSS and IRNSS – and each are managed by a different country. These satellites broadcast signals that identify which satellite is transmitting and its time, orbit and status or health. The space segment describes the GNSS constellations orbiting between 20,000 to 37,000 kilometres above the earth. But most frequently, GNSS is used to describe the satellites in space. These three segments – space, control and user – are all considered part of GNSS. The multiple groups of satellites, known as constellations, broadcast signals to master control stations and users of GNSS across the planet. GNSS are more than the satellites orbiting Earth. Through a complex series of trilateration calculations, your technology computes your location based on your position in relation to at least four satellites. Our Introduction to GNSS webinar series goes into more detail about how GNSS works, but a simplified version is that satellites transmit signals that report where they are at what time, with that information being used to determine where you are in the world. What is GNSS?Ī global navigation satellite system (GNSS) is a network of satellites broadcasting timing and orbital information used for navigation and positioning measurements. By the end of this introduction to GNSS, we hope you’ll better understand and appreciate this invisible piece of everyday technology. We also compare the different GNSS constellations and their features, as well as the equipment necessary to access GNSS signals. In this blog post, we’ll explain what GNSS are, including its history and how they are used today. But what are global navigation satellite systems? From communications systems to mobile navigation applications like Google Maps, GNSS affects what we do every day. Global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) are invisible pieces of technology that people rely on everyday without thinking about it.
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